International Biodiversity day
-Sulekha shrivastava
Today being May 22nd, it is biodiversity day. It is an International festival. It is also known as biodiversity day or biodiversity conservation day. It was started by the United Nation and its office is in Roam. It was celebrated on 29th December but since 2001 it has been celebrated on 22nd May.
Purpose---The purpose of celebrating this day is to create awareness in the minds of the public about the conservation of these creatures.
Definition--- There are many types of diversity found in animals. The variety found in their species is called biodiversity.
Theme--- This day is celebrated every year with a different theme. For this year 2022, the theme is "We are a part of the solution". Solutions that are necessary to maintain this biodiversity. First, we should not destroy them but we should protect them. Not only protect but also maintain those conditions so that everyone can share in the benefits derived from them.
Types of diversity--- Organisms found on the Earth are not only different in numbers but their types and habitats are also different. Their different species are found in different different varieties on the soil, in the water and in the sky. Sometimes a single species is also found in different varieties and in different places such as they are found in mountains, lakes, deserts, forest and in meadows. Sometimes there are many types of species in the same type of organism are found such as white Rabbit, wild rabbit etc. are found in rabbits. At times, different types of creatures are found living together in the same place such as snake, frog, elephant, horse and cat live together. Apart from this, the number of different types of organisms is different in different places. At the same time, the environment available for different organisms is different in different places. Their climate also differs according to the season. In India, many rare creatures are also found like alligator, one horned rhinoceros etc. So, this diversity found is called biodiversity.
Hot spot---
The place where their number is high is called hot spot. Total 17% of the global biodiversity is found in India, like Indo- Burma region, Himalayan region, part of Western ghats and Nicobar are called hot spots. From this point of view, India is included in top ten of the world's and top four of Asian countries. More than 90,000 species of animals are found here.
Benifits--- Due to biodiversity, human beings derive many types of benefits directly and indirectly. Also they get different types of resources for living life. People get food and shelter. They obtain medicines. Along with this, it is useful for scientific researches and carrying new experiments. It is also important from the aesthetic point of view and so helpful to develop tourism. From the social and economical point of view also it is essential for the growth of human beings. This way it contributes to the development of human civilization. If we talk about trees, more than 80 percent of food and traditional medicines are obtained from plants. If we talk about animals, then there are different types of animals living on the soil, in the sky and water, out of which 20% of protein is received from the fish only living in the water.
Challenges and their causes---
But now, it is to be noted that maintaining this biodiversity has become extremely challenging due to some reasons associated with them. If one species is finished on the earth then other species which were depending on it, automatically reaches to a fatal end because no support is left for them now. Few species have already become extinct. Some human reasons are also responsible for this destruction. Such as poaching and hunting of animals and birds. Their smuggling for financial benefits. Polluted environment and changing climates. Cutting forests and de-rooting habitats belonging to these creatures. Population growth and expansion in agricultural area.
It is true, that their number is in crores. And every year 15,000 new organisms are discovered by wild life lovers and scientists. Still, they need to be protected however challenging it is.
Efforts for conservation---
Now the government is running various programs for their conservation and is implementing various types of schemes like Biodiversity Park, Zoological Park, National Park, Botanical Garden, Bird sanctuary, Animal sanctuary etc. have been created and forest and lake area have been expanded.
Let us hope, that steps taken in this field will definitely improve the conditions.
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